Fertile Crescent- A region with a curved shape and rich, fertile land.
Mesopotamia- Land between rivers facing a plain and the Mediterranean Sea. It was between the Tigris and Euphrates river.
City-State - A city and its surrounding land. It has its own government and rulers.
Dynasty- Series of rulers from a single family.
Cultural Diffusion- The spread of new ideas or products from one culture to another.
Polytheism- The belief in more than one god.
Empire- Several people, nations or previous independent states states under the control of one ruler.
Hammurabi- A strong well like leader during 1792. He was a military leader, diplomat, and noble lawgiver.
Three environmental challenges vs. advantages for the Sumerians:
Disadvantages:
- Unpredictable flooding or little to no rain
- No natural barriers for protection
- Natural resources were limited
Solutions:
- Irrigation ditches carried water to fields for crops
- Built city walls with mud bricks
- Traded grain, cloth, and crafted tools for wood, stone, and metal.
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